Clients or post-operative clients, high load and high strength exercises may not be scientifically appropriate.
It has been used in the gym setting for some time however it is acquiring appeal in scientific settings. BFR training was at first established in the 1960's in Japan and understood as KAATSU training.
It can be applied to either the upper or lower limb. The cuff is then inflated to a specific pressure with the objective of acquiring partial arterial and complete venous occlusion. The patient is then asked to perform resistance workouts at a low intensity of 20-30% of 1 repetition max (1RM), with high repeatings per set (15-30) and short rest periods in between sets (30 seconds) Understanding the Physiology of Muscle Hypertrophy. [modify edit source] Muscle hypertrophy is the increase in diameter of the muscle along with an increase of the protein content within the fibres.
Muscle stress and metabolic stress are the two primary factors accountable for muscle hypertrophy. The activation of myogenic stem cells and the raised anabolic hormones result in protein metabolism and as such muscle hypertrophy can occur.
Insulin-like development factor and growth hormonal agent are accountable for increased collagen synthesis after exercise and aids muscle recovery. Growth hormone itself does not straight cause muscle hypertrophy but it assists muscle healing and consequently potentially helps with the muscle reinforcing process. The build-up of lactate and hydrogen ions (eg in hypoxic training) more increases the release of development hormonal agent.
Myostatin controls and hinders cell growth in muscle tissue. Resistance training results in the compression of blood vessels within the muscles being trained.
This causes a boost in anaerobic lactic metabolism and the production of lactate. When there is blood pooling and an accumulation of metabolites cell swelling occurs. This swelling within the cells causes an anabolic response and leads to muscle hypertrophy. The cell swelling may in fact trigger mechanical tension which will then trigger the myogenic stem cells as gone over above.
The cuff is put proximally to the muscle being workout and low strength workouts can then be performed. Because the outflow of blood is limited utilizing the cuff capillary blood that has a low oxygen material gathers and there is an increase in protons and lactic acid. The exact same physiological adaptations to the muscle (eg release of hormones, hypoxia and cell swelling) will happen throughout the BFR training and low intensity exercise as would accompany high strength exercise.
( 1) Low intensity BFR (LI-BFR) results in an increase in the water content of the muscle cells (cell swelling). It also speeds up the recruitment of fast-twitch muscle fibers. It is likewise hypothesized that as soon as the cuff is eliminated a hyperemia (excess of blood in the capillary) will form and this will cause additional cell swelling.
These increases were similar to gains gotten as a result of high-intensity exercise without BFR A study comparing (1) high strength, (2) low intensity, (3) high and low intensity with BFR and (4) low strength with BFR. While all 4 exercise programs produced boosts in torque, muscle activations and muscle endurance over a 6 week duration - the high strength (group 1) and BFR (groups 3 and 4) produced the biggest impact size and were comparable to each other.